Scanners allow you to digitize a printed document, so that you can get the printed information into your computer.
Scanners are usually connected via USB or 802.11 wireless. There are different form factors. A scanner may be included in an all in one device that also includes printing, faxing, and copying capabilities. Scanners can also come in a flatbed form factor.
An ADF stands for Automatic Document Feeder. An ADF allows you to place a large number of papers on the scanner and the scanner will automatically pull in and scan the documents.